SCIENTIFIC SOURCES · MINAQUA FITNESS

When we talk about water,
we rely on evidence.

SCIENCE AS CONTEXT, NOT A PROMISE

Fewer sweeping claims.
More reliable sources.

This page highlights relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses on thermal mineral waters and aquatic exercise. External studies provide broader scientific context and do not mean that the same effects have been proven specifically for Minaqua water or for every Minaqua Fitness visitor.

Systematic reviews
multiple studies in one source
Meta-analyses
synthesis of available results
Minaqua documentation
analysis of our specific water
THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS

What do recent
systematic reviews say?

Balneotherapy research includes different types of mineral waters, treatment protocols and participant groups. The findings should therefore be read as broader scientific context, not as automatic proof for every thermal water.

2023 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Balneotherapy for osteoarthritis

Protano C. et al. · Rheumatology International

The review included 17 clinical studies of balneotherapy with thermal mineral water in osteoarthritis. The authors reported improvements in several measured outcomes, while noting that the quality of many studies was limited and that better-designed research is needed.

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2024 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Thermal mineral water baths and dermatological diseases

Protano C. et al. · International Journal of Biometeorology

The review included eight studies, mainly involving psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The authors reported positive findings, while also noting that the number of high-quality studies was limited and that the evidence was not yet robust enough for broad conclusions.

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AQUATIC EXERCISE

When water becomes
a space for movement.

Here we highlight recent reviews of research on aquatic exercise. These studies concern physical activity and rehabilitation programmes, not the specific composition of Minaqua water.

2022 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Benefits of aquatic exercise in adults

Faíl L.B. et al. · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

The review included 62 randomized studies involving healthy adults and people with various chronic conditions. The results suggest benefits in some measures of physical fitness and health, although the programmes and populations varied widely.

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2023 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW I META-ANALIZA

Aquatic exercise in knee osteoarthritis

Xu Z. et al. · Clinical Rehabilitation

Twenty-two studies involving 1,394 participants found short-term improvements in pain, stiffness and physical function compared with inactive controls. Compared with land-based exercise, differences in the main outcomes were not significant.

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2024 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW I META-ANALIZA

Water-based exercise and chronic low-back pain

Babiloni-Lopez C. et al. · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

A meta-analysis of 15 studies found improvements in pain, disability and flexibility compared with inactive controls. The authors nevertheless highlighted methodological limitations and high heterogeneity, so the conclusions remain cautious.

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2022 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Aquatic exercise, mood and anxiety symptoms

Tang Z. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry

A review of 18 studies found improvements in some measures of mood and anxiety symptoms after aquatic exercise programmes. The authors also noted substantial heterogeneity and limitations in study quality, so the findings should be interpreted cautiously.

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2025 · SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Aquatic exercise in older people with osteoarthritis

Ayán-Pérez C. et al. · Geriatrics

A review of 12 randomized studies in adults over 60 reported improvements in some outcomes compared with inactive controls, but no consistent advantage over land-based exercise. The authors noted good feasibility and the need for further research.

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MINAQUA DOCUMENTATION

General research is one thing.
Our water is another.

For specific data on Minaqua water, we rely on the analysis of “Minakva” mineral water from well 4 in Novi Sad. This documentation establishes the water’s origin, physicochemical characteristics and professional classification.

For that reason, external scientific papers are not used as a substitute for the analysis of Minaqua water, but as broader context for thermal mineral waters, balneotherapy and aquatic exercise.

HOW TO READ THE STUDIES

A good source does not mean
a universal promise.

01
Who was studied?
Results depend on participants’ age, health status and sample size.
02
What exactly was done?
Bathing, inhalation, exercise and rehabilitation programmes are not the same intervention.
03
How strong is the evidence?
Even systematic reviews may conclude that the available studies are few, heterogeneous or methodologically limited.

The information on this page is provided for general information about the scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice or a treatment recommendation.

Water Hygiene & Quality